Children are prone to respiratory infections caused by viruses, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza virus etc. Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) for example, causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. RSV can also cause more severe infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 1 year of age. Influenza, for example causes high fever, body aches, a cough, and other symptoms.

The flu may also lead to lung infection (pneumonia) or death. The health and happiness of children have been related to clean air. Children's developing bodies and lungs make them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Compared to adults, they breathe in roughly 50% more air per kilogramme of body weight. Additionally, their smaller bodies and increased air intake make them more susceptible to air pollutants as they are more likely to absorb these.